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This was a broad conceptualization of education, which prescribed that it begins at home, supported by formal schooling, and reinforced by community living. It means "the art of raising or educating a person", or "the art of strengthening or bringing up men". The Aztecs also had a well-developed theory about education, which has an equivalent word in Nahuatl called tlacahuapahualiztli. The Aztecs had schools for the noble youths called Calmecac where they would receive rigorous religious and military training. Confucius gathered disciples and searched in vain for a ruler who would adopt his ideals for good governance, but his Analects were written down by followers and have continued to influence education in East Asia into the modern era. In China, Confucius (551–479 BCE), of the State of Lu, was the country's most influential ancient philosopher, whose educational outlook continues to influence the societies of China and neighbours like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. European civilizations suffered a collapse of literacy and organization following the fall of Rome in CE 476. There, the great Library of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BCE. The city of Alexandria in Egypt, established in 330 BCE, became the successor to Athens as the intellectual cradle of Ancient Greece. Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe.
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Matteo Ricci (left) and Xu Guangqi (right) in the Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements published in 1607
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Nonformal learning occurs as addition or alternative to formal education. In most regions, formal education is compulsory up to a certain age and commonly divided into educational stages such as kindergarten, primary school and secondary school. Formal education takes place in education and training institutions, is usually structured by curricular aims and objectives, and learning is typically guided by a teacher. UNESCO defines three main learning settings. Today, educational goals increasingly encompass new ideas such as liberation of learners, critical thinking about presented information, skills needed for the modern society, empathy and complex vocational skills. Education originated as transmission of cultural heritage from one generation to the next. Early childhood education through USAID in Ziway, EthiopiaĮducation is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, habits, and personal development. Left to right, from top: Lecture at the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, in Prague, Czech Republic School children sitting in the shade of an orchard in Bamozai, near Gardez, Paktia Province, Afghanistan Student participants in the FIRST Robotics Competition, Washington, D.C.